Black History-Civil Right Tours

Martin Luther King
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THE MAN - THE DREAMER - THE MAN

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Memphis, Tennessee
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National Civil Rights Museum
The aftershock of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4, 1968 would plunge the Lorraine Motel, a small minority-owned business in the south-end of downtown Memphis, into a long and steep decline. The motel’s owner, Walter Lane Bailey kept a couple of rooms as a shrine to Dr. King and to Bailey’s wife, Lorraine, who died of a brain hemorrhage several hours after King was shot.

By 1982, the Lorraine Motel was a foreclosed property. A group of prominent Memphians, concerned that this historic site would be destroyed through continued neglect and indifference, formed the Martin Luther King Memorial Foundation to save the Lorraine. Using a design report by a former Smithsonian Institution, Benjamin Lawless, the Foundation started seeking funding for the nations’s first comprehensive exhibit chronicling America’s civil rights movement.

The Foundation raised $10,000, which brought a short option to buy the Lorraine; however, members of the Foundation were unable to raise the full contract price of $250,000. Fortunately, in December 1982, the Foundation was able to purchase the Lorraine at auction for $144,000. Of that amount, $69,000 came from the fundraising efforts of Foundation members. In addition, $25,000 was donated by the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) and $10,000 was donated by Lucky Hearts Cosmetics, a business located across the street from the Lorraine. The remaining $50,000 was loaned by Tri-State Bank and secured jointly by AFSCME and Lucky Hearts.

With vital support from the City of Memphis, Shelby County, and the State of Tennessee, nearly $ 9 million dollars were raised to create and construct a civil rights center within the Lorraine Motel designed to help visitors better understand the history and lessons of the American Civil Rights Movement.

The Lorraine Civil Rights Foundation held an official groundbreaking in 1987 and on September 28, 1991, the National Civil Rights Museum opened its doors to visitors.

In February 2001, the Museum broke ground for an $11 million expansion project entitled, Exploring the Legacy .

Exploring the Legacy adds 12,800 square feet of exhibition space and connects the main campus of the Museum to the Young and Morrow building and the Main Street Rooming House where James Earl Ray allegedly fired the fatal shot resulting in the death of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Both buildings were donated to the Museum by the Hyde Family Foundation.

Exploring the Legacy answers three critical questions: What happened after Dr. King's death? Did the Movement die in Memphis? What is the legacy of the Movement nationally and internationally?

The expansion also includes an overview of some of the world’s most crucial human rights movements and the achievements gained through the efforts and sacrifices of courageous individuals who stood by their convictions. In celebration of the Museum’s 11th anniversary, Exploring the Legacy opened to the public on September 28, 2002.

African American History: The Civil Rights Movement

Kentabar graphic

Alabama Live's Civil Rights Site
http://www.al.com/civil/
To commemorate the memory of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Alabama Live has put together one of the web's most comprehensive Civil Rights' timelines.

Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
http://bcri.bham.al.us/
Birmingham's Civil Rights Institute is the centerpiece of the city's historic Civil Rights
District. The Institute houses exhibits that depict historical events from post-World War
I racial separation to present day racial progress. More than just a museum, the Institute promotes ongoing research and discourse on human rights issues.

Brown vs. The Board of Education
http://inst.augie.edu/%7Ecebenson/brown.html
In 1892 the Plessy v. Ferguson decision by the United States Supreme Court set a
precedent of "separate but equal" which would stand for more than 60 years. Not until 1954, in the equally important Brown v. Board of Education decision, would the "separate but equal"doctrine be struck down. A good overview of an important case in the Civil Rights Movement.

Brown vs. The Board of Education: An Interactive Experience
http://www.digisys.net/users/hootie/brown/
An excellent multimedia K12 resource.

CNN Virtual Tour of the Civil Rights Movement
http://www.cnn.com/EVENTS/black_history/travel/index.html
A virtual tour of the heart of the Civil Rights Movement.

Civil Rights: A Status Report
http://www.ghgcorp.com/hollaway/civil.htm
"In writing about the history of Blacks in America, it is not my intent to bring about White guilt or Black resentment. It is not my intent to complain about the present state of Black America, nor to provide excuses. My intent is very simple, provide an unbiased picture of Black American history." By Kevin Hollaway.

Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive
http://www.ghgcorp.com/hollaway/civil.htm
"The 'Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive' project will result in the creation of an Internet-accessible, fully searchable database of digitized versions of rare and unique library and archival resources on race relations in Mississippi...For the first phase of the project, USM Libraries is cooperating with the USM Center for Oral History to offer 125 oral history transcripts on the civil rights movement, such as those by civil rights leaders Charles Cobb, Charles Evers, Aaron Henry, and Hollis Watkins. This collection also includes oral histories of race-baiting governor Ross Barnett, national White Citizens Council leader William J. Simmons, and State Sovereignty head Erle Johnston."
McCain Library & Archives, University of Southern Mississippi

Civil Rights Oral History Bibliography
http://www-dept.usm.edu/~mcrohb/
A bibliography of Oral History Interviews on the Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi.

Harry T. Moore Homesite
http://www.nbbd.com/godo/moore/
This site was developed to commemorate the lives two pioneering American black civil rights workers. They were murdered in their home in Mims, Florida when a bomb was exploded under their bedroom on Christmas evening, 1951. It was the first killing of a prominent civil rights leader, and was the spark that ignited the American civil rights movement.

Martin Luther King: Living Memory
http://www.kodak.com/US/en/corp/features/martinLuther/
" This modest but elegant collection of photos is offered in remembrance of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Composed of photos taken by Ben Fernandez during the last year of Dr. King's life, the site also asks visitors "to share their own thoughts and experiences concerning the fight for civil rights, which will be posted in a Book of Remembrance." Each photo, many of them new to this reviewer, is annotated, and some include additional comments from Fernandez and from visitors as well. [MD]"
From The Scout Report [04/21/00], Copyright Internet Scout Project 1994-2000. http://scout.cs.wisc.edu/

Martin Luther King, Jr. Papers Project at Stanford University
http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/
This site contains secondary documents written about Martin Luther King, Jr., as well as primary documents written during King's life.

The Modern Civil Rights Movement
http://www.worldbook.com/fun/aajourny/html/bh005.html
Includes articles on: civil rights organizations since 1945, protest and civic unrest, civil rights laws and legislation since 1945, and African American leaders since 1945.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott (click link criminal-justice in purple) 

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a protest campaign that took place from December 1, 1955 to December 20, 1956. The protest was against the racial segregation policy that was implemented by the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. The social protest also took a political angle with the support of eminent leaders of that time, such as Martin Luther King Jr. http://www.criminal-justice-careers.com/crime/montgomery-bus-boycott.html

National Civil Rights Museum
http://216.157.9.6/civilrights/
Created in December 1997, the purpose of this Web site is to participate with the
National Civil Rights Museum in its mission to educate and preserve the memory of
the Civil Rights Movement and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Located at the Lorraine
Motel, the site where Dr. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, the Museum houses interactive exhibits that trace the beginnings of the Civil Rights struggle. This site includes a well done virtual tour.

Photo Tour of the Civil Rights Movement
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/mlk/movement/PT/phototour.html
"The following photo pages reflect a sampling of images from the national civil rights movement and events that happened in the Seattle area. Rather than being a comprehensive archive, it is meant to bring the events to life and encourage further research."
From the Seattle Times

Powerful Days: The Civil Rights Photography of Charles Moore
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/mlk/movement/PT/phototour.html
Charles Moore's unforgettable images helped put public opinion solidly behind the civil rights movement.

Seattle Times: Martin Luther King Jr.
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/mlk/
A nice K-12 site including an Electronic Classroom with quizzes, study guides and more

Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement
http://www.wmich.edu/politics/mlk/
"These pages were created in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., in observance of Martin Luther King Day, 1996. They are an ongoing project supported by students at Western Michigan University's Department of Political Science."

Voices of the Civil Rights Era
http://www.wmich.edu/politics/mlk/
Selected audio clips of JFK, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X.
Webcorp Multimedia 

We Shall Overcome : Historic Places of the Civil Rights Movement
http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/civilrights/
National Register Travel Itinerary

African-American History - Civil Rights and Beyond

Atlanta is known for its rich African-American culture. Home of the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site, the National Black Arts Festival and the largest consortium of historically black colleges and universities, Atlanta is a culturally diverse city.

Morning:
The Sweet Auburn District and the MLK National Historic Site
Stroll down Sweet Auburn Avenue, the hub of African-American culture from the
1890s to the 1940s. Many of Atlanta’s black leaders, entrepreneurs and artists
congregated in what was called the Sweet Auburn district, and recently, tremendous
preservation and restoration efforts have brought a rebirth to the area. The Sweet Auburn
district is home to the birthplace of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., the Martin Luther
King, Jr. National Historic Site
, which includes a visitor center depicting the story of
Dr. King and the Civil Rights Movement, the restored King Birth Home, Ebenezer
Baptist Church where three generations of the King family preached, and the King burial
site.

The International Civil Rights Walk of Fame
The footprints of Rosa Parks, Thurgood Marshall and Medgar Evers are among a collection of granite-embedded footprints of 17 civil rights leaders on display at the MLK National Historic Site. This tribute to the warriors of justice is a new addition to the site’s poignant exhibitions of this important time.

APEX Museum
The APEX Museum has extensive information on the history of Atlanta and of Auburn Avenue. Inside, find artifacts, photographs and presentations on the African-American cultural experience. Hear stories of early African-American pioneers in Atlanta and learn about the powerful Black families that helped transform Atlanta.

Underground Atlanta’s Guided History Tour
Unlock the secrets that make up Underground’s historic past with a personal guide on this 45-minute tour. Entitled, “From Civil War to Civil Rights,” the tour makes 10 historic stops, experiencing everything from a journey through freight depots and old hotels to the Peachtree fountains and amazing views of the Georgia Capital.

Helpful Information
Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site
Guided walking tours of the Sweet Auburn district are offered Saturdays, March- November. To schedule a tour, please contact the Atlanta Preservation Center.
APEX Museum
Guided History Tour at Underground Atlanta

Lunch
Gladys Knight and Ron Winans Chicken and Waffles harkens back to the 1930s
Harlem days when celebrities frequented Wells restaurant in the early morning hours and
couldn’t decide if they wanted dinner or breakfast. The strange but delicious combination
of juicy fried chicken with sweet, syrupy waffles was born, and Gladys Knight has
recreated it in Atlanta. Open until 4 a.m. on weekends, stop for lunch, dinner or a late
night snack from the musically themed menu. Dine on chicken and waffles

Afternoon
Atlanta is the center of higher education for African Americans, where several
institutions of higher learning were founded in the latter part of the 19th century. The
Atlanta University Center is the largest concentration of African-American colleges in
America and includes Spelman College, Morehouse, Clark Atlanta University, the
Interdenominational Theological Center, the Morehouse School of Medicine and Morris
Brown College.

See some Art

  • The Spelman College Museum of Fine Art emphasizes works by and about women of the African Diaspora.
  • Clark Atlanta University Art Galleries are on the campus of one of the city’s oldest black universities and feature 640 works of art including contemporary American, African American and African in paintings, sculptures and murals.

Hammonds House Galleries and Resource Center of African-American Art displays art by people of African-American heritage, and disseminates an understanding of art from the African Diaspora. The gift shop is small, yet brimming with prints; African items such as purses and jewelry; contemporary African-American art, including popular prints laminated onto switch plates or magnets; and books on world-renowned artists.

Helpful Information
AU Center
Clark Atlanta University Galleries
Spelman College Museum of Fine Art
Hammonds House

Dinner
A key meeting place during the civil rights era was the historic Paschal’s Motor Hotel and Restaurant, where civil rights leaders and strategists would come together over the Paschal brothers’ savory cooking. A new location, Paschal’s Restaurant at Castleberry Hill has a cutting edge, loft-like décor, accommodating breakfast, lunch and dinner, seven days a week. Try menu favorites from the original location such as country ham steak, amazing southern-style sides and center-cut country fried steak, along with new items like blackened catfish, bacon-wrapped trout and pastas. Visit Paschal’s

Evening
Check the schedule of True Colors Theatre Company, a national company committed to staging groundbreaking African-American plays. The company is led by Kenny Leon, former Alliance Theatre artistic director and director of the Broadway revival of “Raisin in the Sun.” True Colors schedule

A Year-Round Celebration
Events honoring the culture and heritage of African Americans are held throughout the year in Atlanta. Here are some hot annual events during the year.

January
The city honors the birth of civil rights leader, Martin Luther King, Jr. Services are held each year at the newly renovated Ebenezer Baptist Church, where three generations of the King family served. A memorial service is held at King’s burial site on Auburn Avenue.

February
Black History Month honors the achievements and culture of African Americans through the exhibition of art, educational seminars and lectures, plus musical and theatrical performances.

May
The soulful sounds of the saxophone can be heard on stages throughout Atlanta during the largest, free jazz festival in the country. The annual Atlanta Jazz Festival features nine days of events that highlight a unique mix of Atlanta-based and national jazz musicians, an artist’s market, a Weekend Concert Series at Piedmont Park, a special benefit concert at Chastain Park Amphitheatre, and the best in soul food, ethnic cuisine and American cooking.

July
Atlanta celebrates the largest collection of arts and artists of African descent in the world at the National Black Arts Festival. Held annually in July, the festival showcases works of African-American artists including dance, film, folk, art, literature, music, performance art, theater and visual art.

September
Known as the Super Bowl of Black College Football, the Atlanta Football Classic is a tradition between African-American colleges and universities, with more than 52,000 fans traveling to the Georgia Dome for intense football competition. Sponsored by the 100 Black Men of Atlanta, the game’s proceeds go to help inner-city students attend college. Events surrounding the game include a college recruitment and job fair, Fan Fest Extravaganza and musical entertainment.

Plan your Trip
Call 1.800.ATLANTA to request the Atlanta Heritage guide, one of the nation’s first visitor guides geared toward the African-American traveler. Visit the Atlanta Heritage Web site

Atlanta Heritage Facts

  • Atlanta is named the “top city for African Americans,” according to Black Enterprise (July 2004), which ranks cities based on entrepreneurial opportunities, earnings potential, diverse cultural offerings, business, housing and education.
  • Atlanta is the nation’s number one destination for African-American travelers, according to an annual Travel Industry Association report (2004).
  • Shirley Franklin was elected as Atlanta’s first female African-American mayor in 2001
  • Morris Brown College is the only school in the state of Georgia founded by and for African Americans.
  • The Interdenominational Theological Center, located south of Sunset and MLK Drive, is the largest center of religious education for African-Americans in the country.
  • Henry “Hank” Aaron, outfielder for the Atlanta Braves, hit his 715th career home run in 1974 at Atlanta –Fulton County Stadium, breaking Babe Ruth’s record
  • Booker T. Washington High School, constructed in 1924, was the first public high school for African Americans in the state of Georgia.

 Family Reunion Tours and Vacations

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